It can help to identify symptoms of anxiety and depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Testretest reliability of the english version of the. Testretest reliability of the english version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has not been established. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. Typically the epds is used at a single time point to identify women with probable depression. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. Pdf background standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population. Validation in a norwegian community sample article pdf available in nordic journal of psychiatry 552. You will be asked to complete the epds at least twice.
Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of questions for you to answer. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Study protocol on criterion validation of edinburgh postnatal.
Postpartum depression is not recognized by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders dsmiv as being diagnostically distinct. What are the appropriate collection procedures if an autopsy is. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds taken from the british journal of psychiatry june, 1987, vol. Recent studies have shown that approximately 48% of adolescents develop postpartum depression. Many translated example sentences containing edinburgh postnatal depression scale spanishenglish dictionary and search engine for spanish translations. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale is available in many languages. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. Postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues.
Beck depression inventory bdi hamilton depression scale hospital. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale for screening in the public. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds aims at detecting postpartum depression. Concern has been raised over the validity of the epds as a single summed scale, with suggestions that it measures two separate aspects, one of depressive feelings, the other. The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and efficient way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale. Traditionally, a cutoff score of is used to distinguish depressed from nondepressed women. Overall assessment is done by total score, which is determined by adding. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common problems women face after having a baby. It has become routine in the uk for health visitors to administer the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds at two or three time points in the first 68 months of the postnatal period. Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds free social. The objective of the study was to validate the epds as a screening tool for postpartum depression in kathmandu, nepal. The epds is a simple 10item selfreport scale which reliably identifies. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale assessment scale concepts. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a screening questionnaire that can indicate whether a new mother has symptoms that are commonly seen in women with depression during pregnancy and in. Routine depression screening should be conducted during pregnancy and the early postpartum period, and results charted. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen for depression.
It is a selfreport questionnaire now used in many countries to screen for postnatal depression. Bunevicius institute of psychophysiology and rehabilitation of the kaunas university of medicine, palanga, lithuania depression is prevalent postpartum and is a major health problem. This 10question selfrating scale has been demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. To download information click on the selected language. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is probably the tool most commonly used to identify women with postpartum depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Ppd affects up to 20% of women after having a baby and can even affect up to 10% women while they are pregnant. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english. A hospital based cross sectional study using epds was conducted among 346 mothers between 4 and 14 weeks of. Examples of validated depression screening tools include. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. Concern has been raised over the validity of the epds as a single summed scale, with suggestions that it measures two separate aspects, one of depressive feelings, the other of. Epds, epds, edinburgh postnatal depression scale staging scale, edinburgh postnatal depression scale, epds edinburgh postnatal depression scale. A clean copy without scores is given on the preceding page. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a well known short questionnaire used to check if a mother might suffer from ppd.
P02206 validity of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. You will be given the epds as a normal part of your pregnancy and post pregnancy care. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which has seen widespread use in epidemiological and clinical studies. Edinburgh postnatal pregnancy, birth and early parenthood. Pdf validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. Epdsedin postnat depress scal, edinburgh postnat depress scal, edinburgh postnatal depression scale assessment scale, survey. The psychometric properties of the scale characterize it as a good screening tool for postpartum depression and its disseminated use in sistema. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum name. About the edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds was developed in the 1980s by john cox, a consultant psychiatrist in the united kingdom, and his colleagues jeni holden and ruth sagovsky. Ppd affects up to 20% of postnatal women and up to 10% of pregnant women. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds is a 10item questionnaire. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. For a copy in another language call the uic perinatal consultation line at 18005736121. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common complications of the postpartum period. As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could not quite so much now denitely not so much now not. Validating the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a screening tool for postpartum depression in kathmandu, nepal babu ram bhusal1, nisha bhandari2, manisha chapagai3 and tania gavidia4 abstract background.
Once during your pregnancy, and once after pregnancy. The factor structure of the epds seems to differ across. This study aimed to address this gap in psychometrics by examining testretest reliability in a sample of 118 australian mothers with babies aged under 12 months, with a mean of 2. Internationally, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely accepted screening instrument used in the perinatal period. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period and is useful in identifying symptoms of anxiety. Postpartum major depression american family physician. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health. Sagovsky the edinburgh postnatal depression scale has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Cox 1990 also known as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines. Robby steel, roch cantwell, in companion to psychiatric studies eighth edition, 2010. As antenatal depression is a predictor of postnatal depression, early.
It has also been validated for use in pregnant populations murray and cox, 1990. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for. Validating the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculate by qxmd. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental. Three months after delivery, epds was administered to 378 mothers from the 2004 pelotas birth cohort study, rio grande do sul state, brazil. The 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is commonly recommended for depression screening in the perinatal period. The edinburgh post natal depression scale epds from the british journal of psychiatry.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Using the epds to measure postpartum depression severity. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the instrument most commonly used to identify depression in postpartum women. Uk national health service nhs information about postnatal depression. The scale can be used at six to eight weeks after birth or during pregnancy. The epds is a tool that helps identify if you are at risk or are suffering from ppd. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was originally created as a unidimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression ppd.
Diagnostic accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Aim depression during pregnancy adversely affects both mother and child. It has been hypothesized that a subscale items 3, 4, 5 may detect anxiety. Objectives this study aims to determine criterion validity of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, the patient health questionnaire phq9 and.
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